Pioglitazone is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs known as thiazolidinediones, which work by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin, thereby improving the way insulin works in the body.

Key Features

• Insulin Sensitizer: Pioglitazone helps to enhance the body's response to insulin, which is crucial for individuals with insulin resistance.
• Blood Sugar Control: It effectively lowers blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving glucose uptake in the muscles.
• Cardiovascular Health: Pioglitazone has been shown to have positive effects on certain cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• Combination Therapy: It can be used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin, for more effective management.

Indications

• For adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
• Can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.

Dosage and Administration

• Initial Dose: The usual starting dose is 15 mg or 30 mg once daily, taken with or without food.
• Adjustment: The dose may be gradually increased up to 45 mg once daily based on the patient's response and tolerability.
• Special Instructions: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and HbA1c is recommended to assess effectiveness and adjust the dosage accordingly.

Precautions

• Heart Failure: Pioglitazone may cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure in some patients. Monitor for signs and symptoms of heart failure.
• Liver Function: Liver enzymes should be checked before starting therapy and periodically thereafter. Discontinue if liver enzyme levels are significantly elevated.
• Bladder Cancer: There may be an increased risk of bladder cancer with long-term use. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.

Possible Side Effects

• Common: Weight gain, edema (fluid retention), headache, and muscle pain.
• Serious: Heart failure, liver issues, fractures, and potential increased risk of bladder cancer.

Storage

• Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Disclaimer

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication. This description is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice.